Walden reductor

The Walden reductor is a reduction column filled with metallic silver which can be used to reduce a metal ion in aqueous solution to a lower oxidation state. It can be used e.g. to reduce UO22+ in U4+.[1] The method is named after George H. Walden who developed together with a Ph.D. student Sylvan M. Edmonds at the Columbia University.[2]

Contents

Preparation and use

A wire of copper is contacted with a solution of silver nitrate. Dentritic crystals of silver immediately forms on the copper wire according to the following redox reaction:

Cu + 2 Ag+ —> Cu2+ + 2 Ag

The silver crystals are then removed from the copper wire, washed with pure water to remove the copper nitrate and the excess of silver nitrate and packed in a small glass column.[2][3]

To use the reductor, the solution to be reduced is poured at the top of the glass tube, and then drawn through it. The reactive front progresses along the column as in chromatography and the extent of reduction reaches up to 100% as the solution passes down the tube and the product becomes completely separated from the starting material.[2][3]

Applications

The Walden reductor can be used to obtain chemical species in their low valence state if required for chemical analyses or to obtain small amounts of the compound in the appropriate form.[1][2][3]

See also

Other reducing reagents

Other oxidizing reagents (opposite)

References

  1. ^ a b Mendham, J; Denney, R.C; Barnes, J.D.; Thomas, M. (2000). Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Education Ltd.. ISBN 0 582 22628 7. 
  2. ^ a b c d Walden, George H.; Hammett, Louis P.; Edmonds, Sylvan M. (1934). "Phenathroline-Ferrous Ion. III. A Silver Reductor. The Direct Determination of Iron in the Presence of Vanadium". Journal of the American Chemical Society 56 (2): 350. doi:10.1021/ja01317a023. 
  3. ^ a b c Smith, G. F.; Cagle, F. W. (1948). "Preparation of Silver for Use in Walden Silver Reductor". Analytical Chemistry 20 (2): 183. doi:10.1021/ac60014a024. 

Further reading